ZEK\u00c2T<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022\nS\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cartma, ar\u0131tma; \u00f6vg\u00fc ve bereket\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelen zek\u00e2t, terim olarak\nKur\u2019an\u2019da belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131flara sarf edilmek \u00fczere, d\u00eenen zengin say\u0131lan\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n mal\u0131ndan al\u0131nan belli pay\u0131 ifade eder. (TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022\nS\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cartma, \u00e7o\u011falma, temizlik, bereket, iyi hal ve \u00f6vg\u00fc\u201d anlamlar\u0131na gelen\nzek\u00e2t, d\u00een\u00ee bir terim olarak, belirli bir mal\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in\nmuayyen ki\u015filere verilmesi demektir. (Diyanet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022\nZenginlerin mal\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131rkta biri oran\u0131nda fakirlere yard\u0131m\u0131. (Sevin\u00e7g\u00fcl)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022\nArap\u00e7a zak\u00e2(t) \u0130sl\u00e2m’da her y\u0131l servetten \u00f6denen sadaka, zek\u00e2t; Aramice, zek\u00fbt\naklanma, beraat, hay\u0131r i\u015fi yapma. (Ni\u015fanyan)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022\nZek\u00e2t kelimesi Arap\u00e7a bir mastar olup s\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cartma, ar\u0131nd\u0131rma, nimetlenme ve\nbir \u015feyin \u00f6z\u00fc\u201d gibi anlamlara gelmektedir… (Baylu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
~\n<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n “Kur\u2019an\u2019da m\u00fccmel<\/b><\/font> <\/strong>olarak bildirilen bu emir, daha sonra hadislerle a\u00e7\u0131klanarak, mal, nisap miktar\u0131<\/b><\/font><\/strong>na <\/em>ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7erse, o mal\u0131n y\u00fczde iki bu\u00e7u\u011fu zek\u00e2t olarak fakirlere verilir…” (Soyalan) <\/p>\n\n\n\n “B\u00fct\u00fcn dinlerde yoksula ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine yard\u0131m edilmesi te\u015fvik edilen<\/b><\/font><\/strong> bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 dinlerde, il\u00e2h\u00ee takdirin gere\u011fi ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan zay\u0131f olan ki\u015filere yard\u0131m etmek, il\u00e2h\u00ee adaletin tecellisi i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 kabul edilirken, di\u011fer baz\u0131 d\u00een\u00ee geleneklerde; bu d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddeden, m\u00e2nev\u00ee y\u00fckseli\u015fi hedefleyen bireylere yard\u0131m etmek, ki\u015filere fazilet kazand\u0131ran bir yol olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr…” (TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi) <\/p>\n\n\n\n “…zek\u00e2t,\nkendilerine zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan\u0131n, l\u00fctfu ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zorunlu\nolarak yerine getirilmesi gereken bir g\u00f6revdir. Da\u011f\u0131tan ve b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren\ntaraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz-tart\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f da de\u011fildir. Nereye\nverilece\u011fi belirlenmi\u015f bir payla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n kesin emirlerinden\nbiridir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devlet, onu belli bir d\u00fczen ve sistem i\u00e7inde toplar ve\nbelirlenmi\u015f sosyal hizmetleri onunla g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Zek\u00e2t, onu veren taraf\u0131ndan bir\niyilik, bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, alan i\u00e7in de bir el a\u00e7ma ve bir dilenme lekesi\nde\u011fildir… \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n sosyal d\u00fczeni asla dilencilik \u00fczerine kurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r,\nkurulamaz da.” (Seyyid Kutup, 9\/60 tefsirinden)<\/p>\n\n\n\n “…Ayetlerin mekk\u00ee ve meden\u00ee ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda baz\u0131 kelimelerin yeni anlamlar kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela \u201czek\u00e2t\u201d kelimesi mekk\u00ee ayetlerde daha \u00e7ok nefis tezkiye<\/b><\/font><\/strong>si, ar\u0131nma anlamlar\u0131na gelirken meden\u00ee ayetlerde bir t\u00fcr vergi anlam\u0131 i\u00e7eren mal\u00ee bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck haline gelmi\u015ftir…” (Apayd\u0131n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Konuyla ilgili \u00e2yetlerde zek\u00e2t kelimesi,\ngenellikle namaz kelimesiyle beraber ve hemen ard\u0131ndan gelmektedir. B\u00e2z\u0131 \u00e2yetlerde,\ndaha \u00f6nceki peygamberler zaman\u0131nda da oldu\u011funa de\u011finilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n “Zek\u00e2t, \u0130sl\u00e2m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sadece d\u00een\u00ee bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda zenginli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 yasal bir zorunluluk olarak da kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yleyse zek\u00e2t, d\u00een\u00ee bir m\u00fckellefiyet<\/b><\/font> <\/strong> olarak ibadet; bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revi olarak ise vergi niteli\u011findedir. Zek\u00e2t vermemek, d\u00een\u00ee bir emrin yerine getirilmemesi anlam\u0131nda nas\u0131l ki g\u00fcnah kabul ediliyorsa, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revinin yerine getirilmemesi anlam\u0131nda da hukuken su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131r…” (Ma\u00e7in)<\/p>\n\n\n\n “…kendilerine\nr\u0131z\u0131k olarak verdiklerimizden infak ederler.” (Bula\u00e7, 2\/3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n “\u0130nfak”,\nmal\u0131n elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, har\u00e7 ve sarf edilmesi demektir… \u015eu halde \u00e2yetin bu\nk\u0131sm\u0131, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta zek\u00e2t ve di\u011fer sadakalar ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar, yard\u0131mlar ve vak\u0131f gibi,\nfakirlere, di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli hay\u0131rlara, aileye yard\u0131m gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn mal ile yap\u0131lan\nibadetleri i\u00e7ine al\u0131r… Bununla beraber bunlar\u0131n hepsinin ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n\nbinas\u0131ndan biri olan zek\u00e2t vard\u0131r. Ve bunun i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok tefsirciler burada ilk\n\u00f6nce ve bizzat kastedilen \u015feyin zek\u00e2t oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r…”\n(Elmal\u0131l\u0131, 2\/3 tefsirinden) <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tart\u0131\u015fma <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Literat\u00fcrde zek\u00e2t\u0131n toplanmas\u0131yla\nilgili esaslar\u0131n s\u00fcnnet kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bizzat Hz. Muhammed taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zl\u00fc\nve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak detayland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Belirli bir miktar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, belli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda bu varl\u0131ktan vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 asgari miktara “zek\u00e2t” denir. Allah\u2019\u0131n takdiri, rahmeti umularak, ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine, zorunluluk olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, miktar\u0131 ve cinsi verene ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere; verilenden herhangi bir madd\u00ee kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklenmeden verilen \u015feye ise “sadaka” denir. Bu anlamda zek\u00e2t, sadakadan farkl\u0131 olarak bir zorunluluktur. Olandan al\u0131n\u0131r belli prensipler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sarf edilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f ve huzurun sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda asgari \u015fart; g\u00f6rece ekonomik anlamda yeterince ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamayan bireylerin, ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmeleri i\u00e7in gereken temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, olanaklar nispetinde kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. \u0130htiya\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 duyars\u0131z kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde toplumsal huzursuzluk ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olur. Bu ihtiya\u00e7lar g\u0131da ve bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayla ba\u015flar sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, i\u015f, genel hijyenik ortam… k\u0131saca i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu topluma adapte, sadece t\u00fcketici de\u011fil \u00fcretici fertlerden olu\u015fmu\u015f, refah bir toplum seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar devam eder. Bu anlamda zek\u00e2t, toplumsal bar\u0131\u015fa ve refaha katk\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ~\n<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1960’larda ka\u00e7an naylon bayan \u00e7oraplar\u0131 at\u0131lmaz mahalle aralar\u0131nda, evlerinde \u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck yapan han\u0131mlara \u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, erkek \u00e7oraplar\u0131 yaman\u0131rd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde pantolonlar\u0131n ceketlerin gereken yerleri \u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ya da yaman\u0131r, y\u0131rt\u0131k k\u0131yafet giymek ay\u0131p say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Solmu\u015f olanlar ters-y\u00fcz edilerek kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilir keza y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6mlek yakalar\u0131 da ters-y\u00fcz edilip kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Daha da eskidiklerinde ya \u015feritler halinde kesilir kilim dokutulur veya yast\u0131k dolgu maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ya da temizlik bezi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeye devam edilirdi. Bunu yapanlar emek verilerek \u00fcretilmi\u015f, emek verilerek sahip olunmu\u015f bir e\u015fyay\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi kullanmaktan gurur duyarlar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birikimler i\u00e7in de f\u0131rsat yarat\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden 2000’li y\u0131llarda hayatta olup, o g\u00fcnleri g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ki\u015filer kendi aralar\u0131nda konu\u015furlarken “o zamanlar para bereketliydi” derler. \u0130\u015fte o bereket, anne ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck annelerimizin tutumlu ellerinden geliyordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n ~\n<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gerekli gereksiz garip bir t\u00fcketim \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrmekte. Kazan\u00e7lar, cebe girmeden aylar \u00f6nce t\u00fcketilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birikim \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, s\u00fcrekli bor\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan ilgin\u00e7 bir s\u0131n\u0131f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131 hi\u00e7 bitmeyen bu kitle, ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olanlara yard\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr m\u00fc acaba… <\/p>\n\n\n\n Di\u011fer taraftan zengin olup d\u00een\u00ee\nde\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenlerin, zekat konusundaki uygulamalar\u0131, ne\nkadar samimi olduklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flamas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekte… <\/p>\n\n\n\n (TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi),\nT\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Diyanet), D\u00een\u00ee Kavramlar\nS\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Sevin\u00e7g\u00fcl), \u00d6mer Sevin\u00e7g\u00fcl,\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck L\u00fcgat 2005<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Ni\u015fanyan), Sevan Ni\u015fanyan,\nNi\u015fanyan S\u00f6zl\u00fck, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Etimolojisi <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Baylu), Cumali Baylu 2501120881\nTez Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Abdul-lah T\u0131rabzon, T.C. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi\nSosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Temel \u0130sl\u00e2m Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dal\u0131, Y\u00fcksek Lisans\nTezi “Bed\u00e2iu’s-San\u00e2i’ Fi Tertibi’\u015f-\u015eer\u00e2i’ ve Bid\u00e2yet\u00fc’l Muktasid Ba\u011flam\u0131nda\n\u0130badetlerde R\u00fck\u00fcn ve \u015eartlar” \u0130stanbul 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Soyalan), Mehmet Ya\u015far Soyalan,\nElmal\u0131l\u0131 Tefsirinde Kur\u2019an\u2019i Terimler ve Deyimler <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Seyyid Kutup), Seyyid Kutub\nKur’an’\u0131 Kerim T\u00fcrk\u00e7e A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, Fizilal’il Kur’an (Kur’an’\u0131n G\u00f6lgesinde)\nTefsiri <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Apayd\u0131n), Prof.Dr. Hac\u0131 Yunus\nApayd\u0131n, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi \u0130l\u00e2hiyat \u00d6n lisans Program\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukuna Giri\u015f <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Ma\u00e7in), Hasan Ma\u00e7in, Doktora\nTezi, \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunda Zek\u00e2t Matrahlar\u0131 ve Vergi \u0130li\u015fkisi, T.C. Necmettin\nErbakan \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Temel \u0130sl\u00e2m Bilimleri Anabilim\nDal\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukuku Bilim Dal\u0131, Konya 201<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Bula\u00e7), Ali Bula\u00e7, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131\nKerim ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Anlam\u0131 <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Elmal\u0131l\u0131), Elmal\u0131l\u0131 M. Hamdi Yaz\u0131r, Hak D\u00eeni Kur\u2019an Dili Sadele\u015ftirenler; Prof. Dr. \u0130smail Kara\u00e7am, Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Emin I\u015f\u0131k, Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Nusrettin Bolelli, Abdullah Y\u00fccel 2011 (Tefsir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00een\u00ee Kavramlar S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\nYay\u0131nlar\u0131 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7esi S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Prof. Dr. Mehmet Kanar<\/p>\n\n\n\n Misalli\nB\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck, \u0130lhan Ayverdi, 2011 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ZEK\u00c2T \u2022 S\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cartma, ar\u0131tma; \u00f6vg\u00fc ve bereket\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelen zek\u00e2t, terim olarak Kur\u2019an\u2019da belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131flara sarf edilmek \u00fczere, d\u00eenen zengin say\u0131lan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n mal\u0131ndan al\u0131nan belli [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1169"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1370,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1169\/revisions\/1370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
YARARLANILAN ESERLER<\/p>\n\n\n\n