FARZ<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 1. \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00eeninde Allah’\u0131n emri oldu\u011fu kesin bir dille sabit olan, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sev\u00e2b\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcrs\u00fcz olarak terki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00e2h\u0131, ink\u00e2r\u0131 ise k\u00fcfr\u00fc getiren itikad\u00ee<\/b><\/font><\/strong>, amel\u00ee<\/b><\/font><\/strong>, ahl\u00e2ki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck. 2. \u015eart ve gerekli olan \u015fey. 3. Namazlar\u0131n, terk edilmesine izin verilmeyen, vakti ge\u00e7irilirse kaz\u00e2 edilmesi \u015fart ko\u015fulan rekatlar\u0131. (Ayverdi) <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022\nS\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cbir \u015feyi kesinle\u015ftirmek, takdir etmek, pay ve par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmak,\nbelirlenmi\u015f \u015fey ve pay\u201d anlamlar\u0131na gelen farz, bir f\u0131k\u0131h terimi olarak, Allah\nve Rasul\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kat\u2019\u00ee bir delille emredilen fiil ve amel demektir.\n(Diyanet) <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131kta, \u00f6z\u00fcr olmad\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu, yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 g\u00fcnah say\u0131lan. Yapmak\nzorunda kal\u0131nan \u015fey, boyun borcu; Farz etmek: \u00d6yle kabul etmek, var saymak; Farz\nolunmak: Var say\u0131lmak. (TDK)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022\nFarz, \u0130sl\u00e2m’da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu olan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler. (Mehmet Ayd\u0131n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022\nArap\u00e7a fard: 1. \u00e7entik, i\u015faret 2. din veya yasa kural\u0131, \u00f6dev 3. bir ak\u0131l\ny\u00fcr\u00fctmede tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz veri olarak al\u0131nan \u015fey, varsay\u0131m; farada 1. \u00e7entti, 2.\nbelirledi, tayin etti, kural koydu, zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131 (Ni\u015fanyan)<\/p>\n\n\n\n ~\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Elmal\u0131l\u0131 66\/2 tefsirinde Arap\u00e7a farz\nkelimesinin gramer yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun olarak\nfarkl\u0131 eklerle kullan\u0131labildi\u011fini, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kelimenin farz, beyan ya\nda iki anlam\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde tefsir edilebildi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Farz, m\u00fckellefin ifa sorumlulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farz-\u0131 ayn ve farz-\u0131 kifaye \u015feklinde ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Farz-\u0131 ayn, be\u015f vakit namaz, oru\u00e7 gibi, her m\u00fckellefin yapmas\u0131 gereken farz demektir. Farz-\u0131 ayn, b\u00e2z\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yapmas\u0131yla di\u011fer m\u00fckelleflerden d\u00fc\u015fmez. Farz-\u0131 kifaye, toplumsal, sosyal bir vazife mahiyetinde olup, b\u00e2z\u0131 m\u00fckelleflerin yapmas\u0131yla di\u011ferlerinin yapmas\u0131 gerekmeyen farz demektir. Cenaze ile ilgili vazifeler ve cenaze namaz\u0131, b\u00e2z\u0131 mesleklerin icras\u0131 bunun \u00f6rne\u011fini te\u015fkil eder. Farz-\u0131 kifayenin sevab\u0131, yaln\u0131z onu i\u015fleyene aittir. Toplumda farz-\u0131 kifayeyi if\u00e2<\/b><\/font><\/strong> edecek ikinci bir ki\u015fi bulunmazsa, art\u0131k bu farz, o ki\u015fi i\u00e7in farz-\u0131 ayna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Mesel\u00e2, cenazeyi y\u0131kayabilecek tek ki\u015finin bulunmas\u0131 halinde, bunun y\u0131kamas\u0131 farz-\u0131 ayn olur.” (Diyanet, farz maddesi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ayn\nkelimesinin anlamlar\u0131ndan biri “bir \u015feyin ta kendisi, muayyen ve mahsus\nolan \u015fey” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor Ni\u015fanyan s\u00f6zl\u00fckte. Yani \u00f6z, belirli ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn\n\u015fey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Arap\u00e7a kif\u00e2ya(t) da yetme, yeti\u015fme, yard\u0131ma yeti\u015fme” olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmu\u015f ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fckte. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00e2fi (=yeterli) kelimesinin kayna\u011f\u0131 da bu kelime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur’an sadece \u00e2hiret i\u00e7in midir, \u00f6yleyse neden sosyal dayan\u0131\u015fmaya \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir; \u00f6yleyse neden \u00e2hiret hayat\u0131ndaki konumumuzu d\u00fcnyadaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r… Yoksa Kur’an toplumdan tamamen soyutlanm\u0131\u015f izole tats\u0131z tuzsuz, pesimist<\/b><\/font><\/strong> bir ya\u015fam m\u0131 tavsiye etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur’an d\u00fcnya ve ahiret mutlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in\nyol g\u00f6sterici bir kitapt\u0131r. Ebed\u00ee ahiret hayat\u0131ndaki konumumuzu ge\u00e7ici d\u00fcnya\nhayat\u0131m\u0131zdaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tespit d\u00fcnya ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne\nkadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir. Yani “fan\u00ee d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131” bo\u015f de\u011fil,\nher an\u0131n\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmemiz gereken bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Hal b\u00f6yle olunca farz kavram\u0131n\u0131, genelde\nezber ve taklidin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emeyen, i\u00e7i doldurulmam\u0131\u015f ibadetlerin, \u015fekliyle\ns\u0131n\u0131rlamak, Kur’an’\u0131n g\u00f6nderilme sebebiyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Asl\u0131nda adalet,\nsayg\u0131, sevgi, anlay\u0131\u015f gibi toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131, toplumsal huzuru sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik\nher \u015fey… ya direk ibadetlerle ilgilidir ya da ib\u00e2det sonucu edinimi beklenen\nfaydalard\u0131r. Bu anlamda ibadetlerin i\u00e7i \u00f6yle doldurulmal\u0131d\u0131r ki beklenen\nfaydalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fsin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur’an’da bildirilen ve l\u00e2y\u0131k\u0131yla\nyerine getirilen her farz g\u00f6revin, insan\u0131n geli\u015fimine y\u00fccelmesine\nolgunla\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rne\u011fin\nKur’an’da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere namaz\u0131 dosdo\u011fru ve hu\u015f\u00fb i\u00e7inde k\u0131labilen bir\nki\u015finin, “… Muhakkak ki namaz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klardan ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden al\u0131koyar\u2026”\n(Kesir, 29\/45) ayetiyle bildirilen kazan\u0131mlara ula\u015fmas\u0131 beklenirdi. Yani k\u00f6t\u00fc\nal\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara saplan\u0131p kalmamas\u0131, yalan s\u00f6ylememesi, \u00e7almamas\u0131, i\u015fine gereken\n\u00f6nemi verip kazanc\u0131n\u0131 hakk\u0131yla kazan\u0131yor olmas\u0131 vb… <\/p>\n\n\n\n E\u011fer ki\u015fi namaz k\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen\nhedeflenen faydalara ula\u015famam\u0131\u015fsa bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bir eksiklik var demektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Farz olarak belirtilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ibadete (namaz, zek\u00e2t, oru\u00e7 gibi) bu g\u00f6zle bakmak gerekir. E\u011fer ki farz olarak bildirilen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler l\u00e2y\u0131k\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yor olsayd\u0131, yani her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ib\u00e2detten beklenen, insan\u0131n olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 olarak \u00f6zetleyebilece\u011fimiz geli\u015fimler kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, o zaman bar\u0131\u015f ve adalet tesis edilip, ya\u015fam kalitesi artmaz m\u0131yd\u0131. Herkes hakka, hukuka sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterip, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi en iyi en do\u011fru \u015fekilde yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz m\u0131yd\u0131… <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur’an’da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a farz olarak ge\u00e7en veya\nfarz olarak yorumlanan gereklilikler, bireysel-toplumsal geli\u015fimi\ndestekledikleri kadar; bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n huzurun sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tavsiyeler, kanun\nilke ve uygulamalar ya da bunlar\u0131n esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Konuyla ilgili akademik ya da bireysel\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, tart\u0131\u015fmalar literat\u00fcrde kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n ~<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kur’an’da esas olarak bildirilip\ndetayland\u0131r\u0131lmayan b\u00e2z\u0131 konular (abdest alma, namaz, zek\u00e2t vb.) Hz. Muhammed\ntaraf\u0131ndan gelenek ve ihtiya\u00e7lar dikkate al\u0131narak \u00f6rneklerle\ndetayland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130badetle ilgili olsun olmas\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n her safhas\u0131nda\nfiilen veya s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak peygamber rehber olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Uygulamada; peygamberin, daha sonra\ngelen halifelerin, ve sonraki t\u00e2bilerden b\u00e2z\u0131 kimselerin -Kur’an’da ge\u00e7sin\nge\u00e7mesin- b\u00e2z\u0131 s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 farzm\u0131\u015f gibi kabul eden mezhep veya\ncemaatler oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Toplumsal dengeleri bozmadan,\nba\u015fkalar\u0131na rahats\u0131zl\u0131k vermeden, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131 ve anlay\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde\ninsanlar\u0131n neye inan\u0131p neye inanmayacaklar\u0131, neyi uygulay\u0131p uygulamayacaklar\u0131\nnoktas\u0131nda karar ve sorumluluk kendilerine ait olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak inan\u0131lan\/inan\u0131lmayan,\nuygulanan\/uygulanmayan her \u015feyi herkesin kabul etmesi i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yapmak ya da\ntam tersi inan\u0131lan \u015feyden vazge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yapmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki\nayette bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Dinde\nzorlama yoktur…” (Elmal\u0131l\u0131, 2\/256)<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Fakat\ndinde zorlama yoktur. Allah onu zorla kimseye vermez. D\u00eeni, ki\u015finin kendi\ntercihi ile dilemesi gerekir. Dinde zorlama kanunu yoktur. Bunu b\u00f6yle\nanlamal\u0131d\u0131r… M\u00e2n\u00e2n\u0131n asl\u0131 “zorlama, dinde yoktur” demek olur… D\u00eenin\n\u00f6zelli\u011fi, zorlamak de\u011fil, bilakis zorlamadan korumakt\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00eeninin\nger\u00e7ekten hakim oldu\u011fu yerde zorlama bulunmaz veya bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r… K\u0131saca\n\u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131nda herkes g\u00f6revini isteyerek yapmal\u0131, zorlama olmadan\nyapmal\u0131d\u0131r…. Ancak tebli\u011f ve teklif edilir…” (Elmal\u0131l\u0131, 2\/256\ntefsirinden) <\/p>\n\n\n\n Not: Kur’an’da ge\u00e7en Arap\u00e7a farz\nkelimesi ve bundan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f b\u00e2z\u0131 kelimelerin farkl\u0131 meal ve tefsirlerdeki\nkar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kitab\u0131n sonuna eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Ayverdi), \u0130lhan Ayverdi, Misalli\nB\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Diyanet), D\u00een\u00ee Kavramlar\nS\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n (TDK), T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Mehmet Ayd\u0131n), Prof.\nMehmet Ayd\u0131n, Ansiklopedik Dinler S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, N\u00fcve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi 2005 <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Ni\u015fanyan), Sevan Ni\u015fanyan,\nNi\u015fanyan S\u00f6zl\u00fck, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Etimolojisi <\/p>\n\n\n\n (Kesir), \u0130bn Kesir, Hadislerle Kur’an’\u0131 Kerim Tefsiri, \u00c7eviren, Prof. Dr. Bekir Karl\u0131\u011fa- Prof. Dr. Bedriddin \u00c7etiner, \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Elmal\u0131l\u0131), Elmal\u0131l\u0131 M. Hamdi\nYaz\u0131r, Hak D\u00eeni Kur\u2019an Dili Sadele\u015ftirenler; Prof. Dr. \u0130smail Kara\u00e7am, Yrd.\nDo\u00e7. Dr. Emin I\u015f\u0131k, Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Nusrettin Bolelli, Abdullah Y\u00fccel 2011\n(Tefsir) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" FARZ \u2022 1. \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00eeninde Allah’\u0131n emri oldu\u011fu kesin bir dille sabit olan, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sev\u00e2b\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcrs\u00fcz olarak terki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00e2h\u0131, ink\u00e2r\u0131 ise k\u00fcfr\u00fc getiren itikad\u00ee, amel\u00ee, [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1048","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1048"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1297,"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1048\/revisions\/1297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dipsiznot.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
YARARLANILAN ESERLER<\/p>\n\n\n\n